VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3
REVIEW PAPER ON: UASB BIOREACTOR FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT
Authors: Samiha Binte Shohid, Rowshan Mamtaz, M.Shohidullah Miah
Published: 2018-12-24
The Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) is a low cost and high rate of treatment process that can produce more bio-energy benefits in terms of biogas production. The UASB treatment process cannot completely remove the organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, a post-treatment process is required for UASB effluent before discharge to the environment to be reused and recycled for agricultural irrigation. The post-treatment of UASB effluent may be an aerobic process, such as a Final Polishing Ponds Unit system (FPU); Trickling Filters (TF); Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC); Bio-Filter (BF); Sand Filter; Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR) and Down-flow Hanging Sponge System (DHS). Alternatively, the post-treatment of UASB effluent may be an anaerobic process such as Anaerobic Bio-film Fluidized Bed reactor; Anaerobic Sludge Thickening and Digestion Process; Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor (AHR); Anaerobic Filter Process (AF) and Dissolved Air Flotation system which are not performed well for the treatment of sewage. Among the systems for treating UASB effluent, Down-flow Hanging Sponge System (DHS) is the best combination process. It reduces significantly the organic load and pathogenic microorganisms. It produces less excess sludge and a final effluent with higher level of dissolved oxygen.
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Authors: Ivan G. Somlai
Published: 2018-02-10
The preponderance of projects and conflict situations that, at times, reach unexpected complexity may be mitigated by engaging in collaborative and collective conceptualisation, planning and implementation of improvements. One of the most effective ways to ensure proper design and execution of needed work is that a collective of various specialists, likely to be involved at some stage of a project’s lifetime, think and work through ideas presented by one another. History shows that useful insights often arise from orthogonal specialists collaborating in civil society, government and industry. Academe has a potent role in research and development of solutions for complexities in all domains, and should set the example for seeking interdisciplinary solutions.
Download for More DetailsVULNERABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGAINST FLOOD HAZARD AND RELIEF DISTRIBUTION: A CASE STUDY OF 2017 FLOOD OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Monirul Islam1, Mahfuzur Rahman, Xiaoying Li, Nahidul Islam
Published: 2018-December-15
ABSTRACT: Floods are one of the most destructive natural hazards. Bangladesh and its neighbors in India and Myanmar are highly vulnerable to flood hazards. This study addressed a methodology to assess the relationship between flood hazard vulnerability and relief distribution based on the flood hazard event of 2017 of Bangladesh, using Geographical Information System (GIS). Flood vulnerability maps were developed through a vulnerability score, calculated on the basis of the interactive effect of observed vulnerabilities. Then, flood vulnerability ranks were determined using the ranking matrix of three-dimensional multiplication modes by the interactive effect of three vulnerability maps: flood-affected people, flood-affected infrastructure, and flood-affected crop land. The resulting map revealed the degree of vulnerability of districts to flood hazard events. The analyses exhibit that 49.9% of districts (31 districts out of 64) were to some extent vulnerable to a flood hazard event. Moreover, the GIS technique was used to identify the correlation of flood vulnerability (for people, infrastructure, and crop land) and relief distribution in terms of rice, cash, and dry food. The correlation was determined by overlaying relief distribution data on developed vulnerability maps. The correlation matrix between flood-affected crops land map and relief distribution (cash in BDT) showed the highest congruence (78.85%). Finally, flood vulnerability maps for administrative districts provide relevant information about mitigation techniques and countermeasures against flood damages.
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Authors: Iván G. Somlai
Published: 2018-December-15
ABSTRACT: The preponderance of projects and conflict situations that, at times, reach unexpected complexity may be mitigated by engaging in collaborative and collective conceptualisation, planning and implementation of improvements. One of the most effective ways to ensure proper design and execution of needed work is that a collective of various specialists, likely to be involved at some stage of a project’s lifetime, think and work through ideas presented by one another. History shows that useful insights often arise from orthogonal specialists collaborating in civil society, government and industry. Academe has a potent role in research and development of solutions for complexities in all domains, and should set the example for seeking interdisciplinary solutions.
Download for More DetailsTHE ACCORD AND ALLIANCE: LESSONS LEARNED AFTER FIVE YEARS OF REMEDIATION
Authors: Kirk Hepburn
Published: 2018-December-15
ABSTRACT: In response to the tragic Rana Plaza building collapse in 2013, major western clothing brands launched two initiatives: Bangladesh Accord on Fire and Building Safety (Accord) and Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety {Alliance). The initiatives sought to remediate the many violations of global electrical, fire, and structural standards among Bangladeshi ready-made garment (RMG) factories supplying these major brands. The agreements between the two initiatives and the government of Bangladesh ended in June, 2018. While meaningful progress was made in the remediation of electrical and fire deficiencies, inspection data from the Accord (up to late 2016) showed at that time that about half of identified structural problems remained unsolved, with a large portion of structural repairs over two years past their deadlines. The pace of remediation for these repairs was much slower than expected. As the Alliance has ended its intensive remediation work and the Accord seeks to begin a threeyear extension, this article provides an update and suggests several lessons to be applied in the future. KEYWORDS: corporate social responsibility; labour rights; Bangladesh; apparel; governance; occupational safety.
Download for More DetailsSUSTAINABLE SUPPLYCHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF AGRI-BUSINESS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Zahir Rayhan Salim, Abu Syef Md Tusar
Published: 2018-December-15
Supply Chain Management (SCM) concerns management of the total flow of a distribution channel from supplier to end consumer. It is a set of activities that promotes an effective management of supplier partnerships, meeting customer demands, movement of goods and information sharing throughout the supply network of an industry. The fundamental difference between food supply chains and other chains is the continuous and significant changes in the quality of agro-food products throughout the supply chain network. SCM activities (like service, delivery, and information)pose major difficulties in the agro-food sector. Furthermore, competitiveness in supply chains has been a key issue for organizations and mapping the competitiveness of an organization helps to form a sound basis for sustainable business development. Agro-food industries have to deal with government rules, customer and stakeholders’ interests, seasonality, supply spikes, long supply lead time and perishability. Strategically, rather than competing within low-cost market segments, many agro-food producers are following a differentiation strategy that targets niche market segments like organic foods. Studies have identified that stakeholders such as consumers, retailers, suppliers and regulators are the influential force driving firms to balance environmental aspects of their business with financial performance. The agri-business and sustainable challenges are observed using graphical representation through survey.
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